Coronavirus Updates
What our patients are saying about us
Precision Therapy of Imaging Healthcare Specialists in Southern California

Physician Resources

Extensive clinical outcome data is available to support the interventional radiology procedures offered at IHS, as well as provide guidance as to which of your patients are eligible. To view these resources, click on one of the conditions or procedures listed below.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Including stent grafting
  1. Baum S, Pentecost MJ. Abrams’ angiography. In: Matsumoto AH, editor. Evaluation and endovascular therapy for renal artery stenosis. LWW: 2006. pp. 383–5. [Google Scholar]
  2. Sharma S, Saxena A, Talwar KK. Renal artery stenosis caused by non specific arteritis (takayasu’s disease): Results of treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;158:417–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Parodi JC, Palmez JC, Barone HD. Transfemoral intraluminal graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg. 1991;5:491–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Matsumura JS, Moore WS. Clinical consequences of periprosthetic leak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27:606–13. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Deep vein thrombosis
Including catheter-directed thrombolysis
  1. Rutherford RB. Vascular surgery. In: Comerota AJ, editor. Intraarterial catheter directed thrombolysis. WB Saunders; 2005. pp. 799–809. [Google Scholar]
  2. NIH Consensus Development Conference. Thrombolytic therapy in thrombosis. Br Med J. 1980;280:1585–7. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Pain management
Including steroid injections, nerve blocks and more.
  1. Shim E, Lee JW, Lee E, Ahn JM, Kang Y, Kang HS. Fluoroscopically guided epidural injections of the cervical and lumbar spine. Radiographics 2017;37:537–61. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2017160043.
  2. Manchikanti L, Pampati V, Falco FJE, Hirsch JA. Growth of spinal interventional pain management techniques: Analysis of utilization trends and medicare expenditures 2000 to 2008. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013;38:157–68. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318267f463. 
  3. Manchikanti L, Soin A, Mann DP, Bakshi S, Pampati V, Hirsch JA. Comparative Analysis of Utilization of Epidural Procedures in Managing Chronic Pain in the Medicare Population: Pre and Post Affordable Care Act. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019;44:220–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002785.
  4. Kim LH, Vail D, Azad TD, Bentley JP, Zhang Y, Ho AL, et al. Expenditures and Health Care Utilization Among Adults With Newly Diagnosed Low Back and Lower Extremity Pain. JAMA Netw Open 2019;2:e193676. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3676.
  5. Palmer WE. Spinal injections for pain management. Radiology 2016;281:669–88. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2016152055.
  6. Wu PH, Kim HS, Jang IT. Intervertebral disc diseases part 2: A review of the current diagnostic and treatment strategies for intervertebral disc disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062135.
  7. Bicket MC, Gupta A, Brown Iv CH, Cohen SP. Epidural injections for spinal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the “control” injections in randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology 2013;119:907–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e31829c2ddd.
  8. Van Boxem K, Rijsdijk M, Hans G, de Jong J, Kallewaard JW, Vissers K, et al. Safe Use of Epidural Corticosteroid Injections: Recommendations of the WIP Benelux Work Group. Pain Pract 2019;19:61–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12709.
  9. Furman MB, Giovanniello MT, O’Brien EM. Incidence of intravascular penetration in transforaminal cervical epidural steroid injections. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003;28:21–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200301010-00007.
Peripheral artery disease
Including angioplasty, stenting and atherectomy
  1. Almahameed A, Bhatt DL. Contemporary management of peripheral arterial disease: III. Endovascular and surgical management. Cleveland Clin J Med. 2006;73:S45–51. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Johnston KW, Rae M, Hogg-Johnston SA, Colapinto RF, Walker PM, Baird RJ, et al. Five-year results of a prospective study of percutaneoustransluminal angioplasty. Ann Surg. 1987;206:403–13. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Garcia LA. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. J Endovasc Ther. 2006;13:II3–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bosiers M, Deloose K, Verbist J, Peeters P. Nitinol stenting for treatment of “below-the-knee” critical limb ischemia: 1-year angiographic outcome after X pert stent implantation. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2007;48:455–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Uterine fibroids
Including uterine fibroid embolization (UFE)
  1. Goodwin SC, Vedantham S, McLucas B, Forno AE, Perrella R. Preliminary experience with uterine artery embolization for uterine fibroids. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1997;8(4):517–526. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 
  2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin: alternatives to hysterectomy in the management of leiomyomas. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112(2 pt 1):387–400. Medline, Google Scholar
  3. Spies JB, Myers ER, Worthington-Kirsch R et al.. The FIBROID Registry: symptom and quality-of-life status 1 year after therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106(6):1309–1318. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
  4. Parker WH. Uterine myomas: management. Fertil Steril 2007;88(2):255–271. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
  5. Ravina J H, Herbreteau D, Ciraru-Vigneron N, et al. Arterial embolisation to treat uterine myomata. Lancet. 1995;346:671–672. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Ravina J H, Aymard A, Ciraru-Vigneron N, et al. Embolisation artérielle particulaire: un nouveau traitement des hémorragies des léiomyomes utérins. Presse Med. 1995;24:1754. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ravina J H, Ciraru-Vigneron N, Aymard A, Ferrand J, Merland J J. Uterine artery embolisation for fibroid disease: results of a 6 year study. Minim Invas Ther Allied Technol. 1999;8:441–447. [Google Scholar]
  8. McLucas B, Goodwin S C. A fibroid treatment with promise—and a catch. OBG Management. 1996;8:53–57. [Google Scholar]
  9. Goodwin S C, Vedantham S, McLucas B, Forno A E, Perella R. Uterine artery embolization for uterine fibroids: results of a pilot study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1997;8:517–526. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Worthington-Kirsch R L, Hutchins F L, Popky G L. Uterine artery embolization for the management of leiomyomas: quality of life assessment and clinical response. Radiology. 1998;208:625–629. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Varicose veins
Including sclerotherapy, RF ablation, adhesive and EVLT procedures

Sclerotherapy

  1. Cavezzi A, Tessari L. Foam sclerotherapy techniques: different gases and methods of preparation, catheter versus direct injection. Phlebology. 2009;24(6):247–251. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Tessari L, Cavezzi A, Frullini A. Preliminary experience with a new sclerosing foam in the treatment of varicose veins. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27(1):58–60. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Rathbun S Norris A Morrison N et al.Performance of endovenous foam sclerotherapy in the USA for the treatment of venous disorders: ACP/SVM/AVF/SIR quality improvement guidelines Phlebology 2013(e-pub ahead of print) [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

EVLT

  1. Mundy L, Merlin T L, Fitridge R A, Hiller J E. Systematic review of endovenous laser treatment for varicose veins. Br J Surg. 2005;92(10):1189–1194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

RF Ablation

  1. Merchant R F Pichot O; Closure Study Group. Long-term outcomes of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration of saphenous reflux as a treatment for superficial venous insufficiency J Vasc Surg 2005423502–509., discussion 509 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Nicolini P; Closure Group. Treatment of primary varicose veins by endovenous obliteration with the VNUS closure system: results of a prospective multicentre study Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005294433–439. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Endovenous treatment vs surgery

  1. Van den Bos R, Arends L, Kockaert M, Neumann M, Nijsten T. Endovenous therapies of lower extremity varicosities: a meta-analysis. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49(1):230–239. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Helmy ElKaffas K, ElKashef O, ElBaz W. Great saphenous vein radiofrequency ablation versus standard stripping in the management of primary varicose veins-a randomized clinical trial. Angiology. 2011;62(1):49–54. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Pronk P, Gauw S A, Mooij M C. et al.Randomised controlled trial comparing sapheno-femoral ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein with endovenous laser ablation (980 nm) using local tumescent anaesthesia: one year results. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2010;40(5):649–656. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Subramonia S, Lees T. Randomized clinical trial of radiofrequency ablation or conventional high ligation and stripping for great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg. 2010;97(3):328–336. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Vertebral compression fractures
Including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty
  1. Galibert P, Deramond H, Rosat P, et al. Preliminary note on the treatment of vertebral angioma by percutaneous acrylic vertebroplasty. Neurochirurgie. 1987;33:166–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. McGraw JK, Lippert JA, Minkus KD, et al. Prospective evaluation of pain relief in 100 patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty: results and follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13:883–6. doi: 10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61770-9. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Zoarski GH, Snow P, Olan WJ, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fractures: quantitative prospective evaluation of long-term outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13:139–48. doi: 10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61930-7. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  4. Atalay B, Caner H, Gokce C, et al. Kyphoplasty: 2 years of experience in a neurosurgery department. Surg Neurol. 2005;64(Suppl 2):S72–6. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2005.07.039. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. Burton AW, Mendel E. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Pain Physician. 2003;6:335–41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kaemmerlen P, Thiesse P, Jonas P, et al. Percutaneous injection of orthopedic cement in metastatic vertebral lesions. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Tschirhart CE, Finkelstein JA, Whyne CM. Optimization of tumor volume reduction and cement augmentation in percutaneous vertebroplasty for prophylactic treatment of spinal metastases. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2006;19:584–90. doi: 10.1097/01.bsd.0000211236.76093.b0. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lieberman IH, Dudeney S, Reinhardt MK, et al. Initial outcome and efficacy of “kyphoplasty” in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Spine. 2001;26:1631–8. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200107150-00026. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, O’Fallon WM, et al. Incidence of clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985–1989. J Bone Miner Res. 1992;7:221–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Silverman SL. The clinical consequences of vertebral compression fracture. Bone. 1992;13(Suppl 2):S27–31. doi: 10.1016/8756-3282(92)90193-Z. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  11. Melton LJ, 3rd, Kan SH, Frye MA, et al. Epidemiology of vertebral fractures in women. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129:1000–11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Riggs BL, Melton LJ., 3rd The worldwide problem of osteoporosis: insights afforded by epidemiology. Bone. 1995;17:505S–11S. doi: 10.1016/8756-3282(95)00258-4. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gaughen JR, Jr, Jensen ME, Schweickert PA, et al. Relevance of antecedent venography in percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures. Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23:594–600. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Burton AW, Rhines LD, Mendel E. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: a comprehensive review. Neurosurg Focus. 2005;18:e1. doi: 10.3171/foc.2005.18.3.2. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  15. Phillips FM, Ho E, Campbell-Hupp M, et al. Early radiographic and clinical results of balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Spine. 2003;28:2260–7. doi: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000085092.84097.7B. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  16. Leech JA, Dulberg C, Kellie S, et al. Relationship of lung function to severity of osteoporosis in women. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;141:68–71. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Schlaich C, Minne HW, Bruckner T, et al. Reduced pulmonary function in patients with spinal osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8:261–7. doi: 10.1007/s001980050063. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kado DM, Browner WS, Palermo L, et al. Vertebral fractures and mortality in older women: a prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1215–20. doi: 10.1001/archinte.159.11.1215. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rapado A. General management of vertebral fractures. Bone. 1996;18:191S–6S. doi: 10.1016/8756-3282(95)00501-3. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  20. Reginster J, Minne HW, Sorensen OH, et al. Randomized trial of the effects of risedronate on vertebral fractures in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Vertebral Efficacy with Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11:83–91. doi: 10.1007/s001980050010. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  21. Palombaro KM. Effects of walking-only interventions on bone mineral density at various skeletal sites: a meta-analysis. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2005;28:102–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Khosla S, Riggs BL. Treatment options for osteoporosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995;70:978–82. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Skip to content